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World War Two
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Hitler
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Key Questions
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- What were the causes of World War
II?
- In what ways was World War II an
example of the attitudes of European imperialism unleashed on the
European continent (nationalism, social Darwinism, colonization,
superiority complexes, and ideological struggles)?
- What were the repercussions of
World War II towards the outlook of European philosophers?
- Can World War I and World War II be
considered one great war
over the 'soul' of Europe?
- To what degree are the inherent
contradictions of the Western tradition exemplified by the conflicting
ideologies of the Nazis (nature) and Soviets (nurture)?
- Based on understanding the
literature, propaganda, history and culture of Germany, why/how did the
Holocaust happen? Why do you think German men and women
participated?
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WWII
Political, Social, Economic, Intellectual Religious
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WWII Art:
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WWII
Literature:
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WWII Music:
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Stalin
Churchill
German
Youth Magazine
Der Plimpf
(1943)
"We Defend Moscow" (1942)
Lanzinger, "The Standard
Bearer"
SS Einsatzgruppe ("task force")
murdering Jewish civilians in the Ukraine, 1942.
"Forward
to the West!" (1942)
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Primary Sources:
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Primary Sources:
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Primary Sources:
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Primary Sources:
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Munich:
Poland:
The Battle of Britain:
- Churchill Speeches: Blood, Toil, Tears and Sweat - 13 May 1940, First Speech to the House of Commons as Prime Minister; We Shall Fight on the Beaches - 4 June 1940, House of Commons; Their Finest Hour - 18 June 1940, House of Commons; "The Few" - 20 August 1940, House of Commons; The Birth Throes of a Sublime Resolve (‘The Old Lion') - 16 June 1941; Never Give In, Never, Never, Never - 29 October 1941, Harrow School; Sinews of Peace (Iron Curtain) - 5 March 1946
- FDR, The
Four Freedoms (1941)
Operation Barbarossa:
- Operation Barbarossa
Multimedia Map
- Adolf Hitler's Secret Military Conferences on Russia, July 1940
- Hitler Directives for the Treatment of Political Commissars ("Commissar Order") (June 6, 1941)
- Adolf Hitler's Secret Military Conferences on Russia, July 1940
- Konrad Meyer, "Gerneralplan Ost" (1941) The Hunger Plan; Research Report: General
Plan East A Study in Nazi Geopolitical Strategy
- Molotov: Broadcast Speech on the
Invasion of The Soviet Union, (1941)
- When
an ex-Communist German soldier made his way across the lines the night
before the launching of Operation Barbarossa to warn Stalin that an
invasion was coming, the Soviet dictator famously had him shot for
spreading false rumors.
- Stalin, Speech
(July 3, 1941) "Call
to Arms"
- Grossman, "In the Main Line of Attack"
a report from Stalingrad (1942)
- Dragan, "A Soviet Veteran Recalls"
(1942)
- Kozhina, The Great Fatherland War
(1942)
- Goebbels, New Propaganda Instructions (June 22, 1941); ""Total War": Excerpt from Goebbels’s Speech at the Sportpalast in Berlin (February 18, 1943)";
"Do You Want Total War?"
(1943); "The Coming Europe" (1940)
- The Seige of Leningrad
- Grass, "How I Spent the War"
(2007)
Resistance:
The Holocaust:
- Brief Chronology of the Final Solution
- Signed Letter by Hitler Authorizing Euthanasia Killings (backdated to September 1, 1939)
- Excerpt
from a Training Guide by SS-Sturmbannführer Paul Zapp on the "Jewish
Question" (end of 1940Lily Offenbacher Shares Her Knowledge of the
"Euthanasia" Program with the U.S. Coordinator of Information
(September 1941)
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Raymond
Geist’s Report to George Messersmith on the Interministerial Meeting at
the Reich Aviation Ministry and the Nazi Regime’s Future Plans for the
Jews (April 4, 1939)
- Excerpt
from Bishop von Galen’s Sermon (August 3, 1941)
- The Einsatzgruppen
Case
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Major
General Bruns’s Description of the Execution of Jews outside Riga on
December 1, 1941, Surreptitiously Taped Conversation (April 25, 1945)
- The
Wannsee
Protocol (January 1942) (at Hanover) (at
History Guide);
- Biology Text for German
Middle Schoolers
(1942)
- Oswald Pohl’s Report to Heinrich Himmler on the Expansion of the Concentration Camps (April 30, 1942)
- Himmler, Speech to SS Group Leaders at
Posen, (1943) (at Hanover)
- Excerpt from Himmler’s Speech to the SS-Gruppenführer at Posen (October 4, 1943)
- “The
Professor” from THE NAZI DOCTORS: Medical Killing and the Psychology of Genocide by Robert Jay Lipton (1986); The Nazi Leader's Master Plan (History Net); Heinrich Himmler—Petty Bourgeois and Grand Inquisitor in The Face Of The Third Reich by Joachim C Fest
- Weiss, "Canto Nine: The Bunker Block"
from The Investigation (1965)
- Statistical
Report on the “Final Solution,” known as the
Korherr Report
(March 23, 1943)
- Waffen-SS attacks Jewish resistance in the Warsaw
ghetto.
- Grossman, The Black Book (with Ilya Ehrenburg) (1970) (on the Shoah in the Soviet Union during WWII); “Ukraine without Jews”; "The Hell Called Treblinka" (1944)
- Hoess, Commandant of Auschwitz (1946)
(Perry) (complete text)
- Radford, "The Economic Organisation of a P.O.W. Camp" Economica (1945)
The End:
Hiroshima:
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- Speer, German pavilion
at international exposition in Paris (1937)
- "The Eternal Jew"
(Propaganda Film)
- Sauter, Kunst dem
Volk (1940)
- Flagg, I Want You (1940)
- Wamper, Genius of Victory (1940)
- Fischer, A Careless Word... A Needless
Sinking. (1942)
- "We'll Defend Moscow!"
(1941)
- "Forward
to the West!" (1942)
- Ernst, Europe After the Rain (1940-42)
- Deineka, The River (1944)
- Rockwell, Save Freedom of Speech; Buy
War Bonds. (1943)
- Pollack, Guardians of the Secret (1943)
- Gorky, The Liver is the Cock's Comb (1944)
- Olere, Selection
(1945)
- Nazi
Propaganda 1933-45
- German
Youth Magazine
Der Plimpf
(1943) - Lanzinger, "The Standard
Bearer"
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- Chaplin, The Great Dictator
(1940)
- Brecht, "How Fortunate the Man with
None" from Mother Courage and Her
Children (1941)
- Grossman, "In the War"; "Under Siege"
(1942); “The Old Teacher”; "In the Main Line of Attack"
A report from Stalingrad,
Pravda 1942; from Life and Fate,chapter 18 (pp. 68-115) "Anna Semyonovna’s Last Letter"; from Life and Fate: Part Two, Chapters 16-23
(411-440) "The Battle of Stalingrad: Holding Out in House
6/1"; Applebaum, "The Real Patriotic War" NYRB, 4-6-06;
- Poems by Ilya Erenburg (English Translations)
- C. Day Lewis, "Ode to Fear" (1943)
- Milosz, "A Poor Christian Looks at the
Ghetto" (1943); "Campo di Fiori" (1943) on the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising; The Jewish Military Organization (ŻZW) in the Warsaw Ghetto; Edelman, "The Ghetto Fights,"
- Pyle, "Captain Waskow's Men Say Good-Bye"
(1944)
- Eisenstein, Ivan the Terrible Part 1
(1944) (complete film)
- Frank, The Diary of Anne Frank
(1947)
- Eliach, "Jew, Go Back to the Grave!" (1943)
- Levi, "The Drowned and the Saved"
from Survival in Auschwitz (1950)
- Borowski, "This Way for the Gas, Ladies and Gentlemen" (1959)
- Weiss, "Canto Nine: The Bunker Block"
from The Investigation (1965)
- Jarrell, "The Death of the Ball Turret
Gunner" (1969)
- Auden, "The Shield of Achilles"
(1955); (Book 18 of The Iliad
(Johnson trans.); Rundell
, The Shield of Achilles (1821)
- Hersey, Hiroshima (1963)
(excerpts)
- Waugh, Sword of
Honor (1965)
- Vonnegut, "Fire Bombing of Dresden" from Slaughterhouse V (1969)
- Olivia Manning, Balkan
Trilogy (1960-1965); Levant Trilogy
(1977-1980)
- Anthony Powell, A Dance
to the Music of Time: Third Movement (1964-1968)
- Robert Leckie, Helmet for My
Pillow
- James J. Fahey, Pacific
War Diary (1963)
- Douglas, Alamein to Zem Zem
(1946)
- John Guest, Broken Images
(1949)
- Neil McCallum, Journey
With a Pistol (1959)
- Eugene Sledge, from With the
Old Breed: At Peleliu
and Okinawa (1981) (Sledge Collection at Auburn U.)
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- Messiaen, Quartet for the End of Time
(1940)
- Prokofiev, "Ivan the Terrible"
(1941) (Eisenstein's
Film (1943))
- Katchaturian, Sabre Dance
from Gayan
(1942)
- Shostakovich,
Symphony #8 1. Adagio- Allegro nontroppo
(1943)
- Shostakovich,
Symphony #7 3rd movement (1942) composed during the seige of Leningrad
- Shostakovich,
Symphony #13 in B flat minor (1st Movement: Babiy Yar)
(1962)
- Britten, War Requiem
- Paderewski Concerts for War Relief
- Jewish Partisan Songs
- Brundibar (a children's opera which was
produced in Terezin
Concentration camp)
- Barber, Second Essay, op. 17
(1942)
- Barber, Adagio for Strings
- Copland, Sonata
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WWII Political,
Social, Economic, Intellectual Religious
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WWII Art:
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WWII
Literature:
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WWII Music:
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Secondary Sources:
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Secondary Sources:
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Secondary Sources:
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Secondary Sources:
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War in the West:
- Fussell, "The Real War, 1939-1945",
The Atlantic (1989); The Norton Book of Modern War (1991)
- Evans, What the War Was Really About: Engineers of Victory: The Problem Solvers Who Turned the Tide in the Second World War
by Paul Kennedy (NYRB December 2013)
- Kirsch, "Is World War II Still the Good War?" NY Times 5-27-11
- Draper, "Eisenhower’s War: The Final Crisis" NYRB October 23, 1986
- Deák "Could Stalin Have Been Stopped?" NYRB 2013
- Dyson, "Rocket
Man" on Werner von Braun NYRB 2008
- Evans, The Truth About World War II NYRB October 11, 2012
Hitler:
Churchill:
War in the East:
The Holocaust:
- Destruction
of European Jewry Explanatory Timeline
- Browning, "How Envy of Jews Lay Behind It" NYRB 1/8/15
- Browning, The Origins of the Final Solution (2004): Chapter One: Backgrounds
- Snyder, "Who
Killed More: Hitler or Stalin?" NYRB 3-10-11; "Jews, Poles and Nazis: The Terrible History" NYRB 6-24-2010; "What We Need to Know About the Holocaust"NYRB 9-30-2010; Stalin & Hitler: Mass Murder by Starvation NYRB 6-21-12; "Holocaust: The Ignored Reality" NYRB 7-16--2009; "A New Approach to the Holocaust" NYRB 6-23-11
- Deák, "Improvising the Holocaust" NYRB September 23, 2004
- Elisabeth Sifton and Fritz Stern, The Tragedy of Dietrich Bonhoeffer and Hans von Dohnanyi October 25, 2012
- Ignatieff, The Danger of A World Without
Enemies: Lemkin's Word (2001)
- Nuremburg Trials (1945-49)
- Berkowitz, Misreading ‘Eichmann in Jerusalem’ (2013)
The Bomb:
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Science:
- 1583 Glide Bombs and the unrevealed Rohna disaster
- 1593 The LST-325: Thirty old men and an old ship become young again
- 1612 Trying to tell the story of the worst battle
- 1621 Motherland: The Stalingrad Memorial
- 1729 The wide angle lens: looking at earth from on high
- 1731 Why bombs can't kill a city
- 1737 A Reflection airplanes, war, and the Krupp Works
- 1758 Sinking the Bismarck: What is important in history?
- 1852Popular Mechanics and Jimmy Doolittle's first airplane
- 1863 Alexis Carrel, the murky pioneer of organ transplants
- 2278 Lise Meitner and Otto Hahn: friendship in the face of terrible odds
- 2280 In which Hiroo Onoda and Shoichi Yokoi cannot figure out that the war has ended
- 2287 The ceremony of innocence is drowned: Fritz Haber swallowed by wars
- 2120 ME-163B Komet: a secret weapon that almost worked
- 1127 Why Germany didn't make an atomic bomb during WW-II
- 1190 The only mustard gas attack in WWII yields new medicine
- 1219 A chance encounter with a hero: Ploesti remembered
- 1253 Hanna Reitsch: a true believer in a cursed cause
- 1489 Inventing the helicopter: harder than it looked
- 1546 Max Jakob: a breath of fresh air in a new land
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- Wyle, Literature of World War Two: Writing and Critical Thinking (Stanford)
- Fussell, The Norton Book of Modern War (1991)
- Kirsch, "Is World War II Still the Good War?" NY Times 5-27-11
- Schneider, "Fading Horrors of the Grand Guignol" NY Times - March 18, 1957
- Soviet Writers at War
(Sovietlit.com)
- Bartov, Industrial Killing: World War
I, the Holocaust, and Representation (1997)
- Romano, "Here There Is a Why: Primo Levi, Humanist" Chronicle of Higher Education 5-22-11
- Cohen, "The Political Aesthetics of
Holocaust Literature: Peter Weiss's The Investigation and its Critics"
- Buruma, Himmler’s
Favorite Jew
- Ohnuki-Tierney, "Letters to the Past: Iwo Jima
and Japanese memory" Open Democracy
2-23-07
- 1159 In which Nevil Shute looks at the ordeal of aerial bombing
- Petrograd (Petersburg) During World War I and the Revolution (1914-1924)
- Chandler, Vassily Grossman's Life and Fate (2006);
- Applebaum, "The Real Patriotic War" NYRB, 4-6-06
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Ivan’s War: Life and Death in the Red Army, 1939–1945
by Catherine Merridale -
A Writer at War: Vasily Grossman with the Red Army, 1941–1945
edited and translated by Antony Beevor and Luba Vinogradova
- Kettle, Out of the ruins of Stalingrad, a book that changed my life (2006)
- Gottlieb, How Good Was James Jones? NYRB November 8, 2012
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- Shostakovich, Man of Many Variations
(NPR); "The Secret Rebel"
on Shostakovich's Recantation (Guardian 7-15-06)
- Seventh
Symphony (1942) composed during the Seige of Leningrad: symphony
was performed in the bombed-out Great Hall of the Philharmonia on
9 August 1942
- Rayok, or The Peep Show, a cantata satire on the Zhdanov era
- Shostakovich
first used Jewish themes in the finale of the Second Piano Trio (1944),
: the song cycle From Jewish Poetry (1948), courageously performed at
private concerts in his flat at the height of the Doctors’ Plot;
- The
Thirteenth Symphony (1962), the ‘Babi Yar’ with its requiem, the words
composed by the poet Yevtushenko, for the Jews of Kiev who were
murdered by the Nazis in 1941; and virtually all the string quartets
from No. 3 (in 1946) to the unforgettable No. 8 (in 1961).
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WWII
Political, Social, Economic, Intellectual Religious
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WWII Art:
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WWII
Literature:
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WWII Music:
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Lesson Plans and Presentations:
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Lesson Plans and Presentations:
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Lesson Plans and Presentations:
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Lesson Plans and Presentations:
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