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- 19th c. Isms (1848- 1900)
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Eiffel Tower, Paris, 1889
Millet, The Gleaners (1857)
Millais, Ophelia, oil on canvas, 1851-52 This work at the Tate Museum (interactive)
Monet,
Saint-Lazare Station (1877)
(Smarthistory)
Monet, La cathedrale de Rouen,(See the whole Cathedral
Series) (1893)
Daumier, The Third ClassCarriage
(1863)
Frith, The Railway Station (1862)
Daumier, The Uprising
(1860)
Manet,
A Bar at
the
Folies-Bergeres (1881-82)
Seurat, A Sunday Afternoon on
the Island of La Grande Jatte 1884-86
Van Gogh,
Potato
Eaters (1885)
Gaughin, Where do we come from? Where are we? Where are we going? (1897)
Van Gogh, The Sower
(1888)
Daumier,
The Burden
(1853)
Toulouse-Lautrec, "At the Moulin Rouge" (1891)
Van
Gogh, Wheatfield with Crows
(1890)
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Key
Questions
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- How
did the French Revolution influence the development of 19th century
'isms'?
- In
what ways were 19th century ‘isms’ a response to the
philosophical problems and issues arising from the development of
scientific rationalism as both the ideas of the Enlightenment and the
Romantic movement spread through European society?
- Why
was Romantic music so powerful throughout the 19th
century? What are its connections to 19th century
‘isms’?
- To
what degree did artistic movements react to, embody or influence the
various socio-political theories in the 19th century?
- To
what degree were 19th century ‘isms’ either a refinement of
previous philosophies or brand new avenues of thought?
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19th c. Isms Political, Social, Economic, Intellectual,
Religious
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19th c. Isms Art:
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19th c.
Isms Literature:
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19th c. Isms Music:
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Primary Sources:
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Primary Sources:
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Primary
Sources:
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Primary Sources:
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1848 Revolutions:
Liberalism:
- Mill, extract from On Liberty (1859); On Liberty (extracts); Liberalism Evaluated, (1873)
- Mayhew,
from London Labour and the London Poor
(intro) (1862); 'Those That Will Not Work,'; "Prostitution in Victorian London"
(1862); see Spartacus and complete text: volume 1, London Low-life - Beggars and Cheats- (excerpts)
- "Quite Likely the Worst Job in the World" on 'Toshers' in London's Sewers (2012)
- Smiles, "Self-Help" (1859); Thrift (1875)
- Booth, Inquiry
into the life and labour of the people in London (1886) (Poverty
Maps of London); In Darkest England
(1890)
- Zola, "J'accuse" on the Dreyfus Affair
(1898)
- Weber, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism
(1905)
- Taylor, Principles of Scientific Management
(1911)
- Veblen, "Conspicuous Consumption", Chapter 4
from The Theory of the Leisure Class
(1902)
Conservatism:
- Bismarck , (1819-1898): Memoirs,
excerpts; Original and Edited Versions of the Ems Dispatch (July 13, 1870) ; Contriving a War with France ; "We Germans Fear God and Nothing Else in the World!": Bismarck Addresses the Reichstag (February 6, 1888)
- GHDI Artifacts on Bismarck's Germany
- August Bebel, Reichstag Speech (November 8, 1871)
- Heinrich von Sybel to Hermann Baumgarten on the Founding of the Reich (January 27, 1871)
- Documents of German Unification (1848-71)
- Papal Infallibility Decreed (1870)
- Chamberlain, The Radical Programme (1885)
- Spencer, Social Darwinism: "Survival of the Fittest Applied to Human Kind"
(1851); The Man vs. the State (1884); (at Hanover); Man Versus the State
(1884)
- Pope Leo XIII, "Rerum Novarum"
(1891)
- Ahlwardt, "The Semitic Versus
the Teutonic Race" (1896)
- Theodor Fritsch to Wilhelm Marr on New Tactics for the Struggle against the Jews (1884-85)
- The Tivoli Program of the German Conservative Party
(1892)
- von Bülow on Germany’s “Place in the Sun” (1897)
- Houston Stewart Chamberlain, from Foundations of the Nineteenth Century, Volume I, Chapter 5, page 329—493. The Entrance of the Jews into the History of the West; Volume I, Chapter 6, page 494—578. The Entrance of the Germanic People into the History of the World (1899) (excerpts)
- Wilhelm II: "Hun Speech" (1900)
- Elections to the Reichstag
Marxism:
Anarchism:
Darwinism:
- Darwin, excerpt from "On the Origin of Species by Natural Selection" (1859) introduction; (more excerpts)
(complete
text) (complete works online); The Descent of Man (1871)
- Thomas Henry Huxley’s letter to Charles Kingsley
(1860)
- Wallace, The Malay Archipelago (1869)
- Spencer, Social Darwinism: "Survival of the Fittest Applied to Human Kind"
(1851); The Man vs. the State (1884); (at Hanover) (On Progress)
- Huxley, Darwiniana, "The Darwinian Hypothesis" (1893); The 1860 Oxford Evolution Debate Between Huxley and Wilberforce
-
Houston
Stewart Chamberlain, from Foundations of the Nineteenth Century, Volume
I, Chapter 5, page 329—493. The
Entrance of the Jews into the History of the West; Volume I, Chapter 6, page
494—578. The
Entrance of the Germanic People into the History of the World (1899) (excerpts)
Irrationalism:
Nationalism:
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The Crystal Palace and the 1851 Exhibition
Van Gogh, The Starry Night (1889)
- Courbet, The Stonebreakers (1849)
- Hunt, Claudio and Isabella, 1850 Professor Rusche on this painting
- Millais, Ophelia, oil on canvas, 1851-52 This work at the Tate Museum (interactive)
- Millet, The Gleaners (1857)
- Cruickshank, The British Beehive (1867)
- Tillson, London Visitors (1874)
- Daumier,
The Burden (1853); The Uprising
(1860);
The Third ClassCarriage
(1863); Daumier Site
- Daumier Life and Work
- Daumier on the Emancipation of Women
- Heroines of the Barricades
- Frith,
The Railway Station (1862)
- Dore, "The Terraces" from London (1860)
- Manet, Olympia 1865
- Reganult, Salome (1870)
-
Monet, Boulevard
des Capucines (1873)
- Degas, Place de la Concorde or Viscount Lepic
and his Daughters (1875)
- Renoir, Moulin
de la Galette, 1876
- Monet,
Saint-Lazare Station (1877)
(Smarthistory)
- Surikov, "The Morning of the Execution of the Streltsy" (1881)
- Manet, A Bar at the
Folies-Bergeres (1881-82); Olympia (1875) - Rodin,, The Thinker (1880)
Rodin,, The Thinker (1880)
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- Pushkin,
"The Station-master" (1830); "The Bronze Horseman" (1833) (illustration);
"The Queen of Spades" (1834)
(selected poetry)
- Gogol, The Government Inspector (1837); "The Overcoat" (1842), "The Nose" (1846); Dead
Souls (1842)
- Lermontov, A Hero of Our Time (1840); The Demon
- Poe, "The Black Cat"
(1843); "The Masque of the Red Death"
(1842); "The Raven"
(1845); "The Murders in the Rue Morgue"
(1841)
-
Balzac, A
Prince of Bohemia [1840]; Scenes
from a Courtezan's Life (1847) ; An
Episode of the Reign of Terror During the
French Revolution, three nuns and a priest live in fear of a man who appears to
be watching them.
- Browning, Selected Poems
- Dickens, from Hard
Times (1854), Chapter Two: "Murdering the Innocents" (Thomas
Gradgrind) Great Expectations
- Baudelaire,
Fleurs du Mal (1857)
- Hughes, Tom
Brown's School Days (1857)
- Turgenev, "A Country Doctor" (1855); Fathers and Sons (1861)
- Flaubert,
Madame Bovary (1856)
- Sand,
"Elle et lui" (1859) ; On Peasants from The Bagpipers
- Chernyeshevsky, What is to be Done? (1863)
- Dostoevsky, Poor
Folk; The Double (1846);
“A
Gentle Spirit” ; on "The Most Precious Thing for
Man" from Notes from Underground (1864);
"Raskolnikov's Terrible Dream",
Chapter 5 of Crime and Punishment (1865); "The Parable of the Grand Inquisitor",
chapters 35 and 36 from The Brothers Karamazov (1879)
- Carroll,
Alice in
Wonderland (1865) (Backgrounds) "The Walrus and the Carpenter" (1871)
- Arnold,
"Dover Beach" (1867) (Selected Poems)
- Zola, Therese Raquin (1867) (Degas's painting Interior (The Rape) (1868-69)
inspired by the novel); extracts from Germinal (1885) Nana;
The Miller's Daughter; Captain Burle; Death of Olivier Becaille
(1880) (see The Zola Pages)
- Hugo, Les Miserables (1868)
- Verne, Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea (1869)
- Tolstoy, Childhood
(1852); Boyhood
(1854) Youth
(1856); War and Peace
(1865); Sebastopol Sketches; Anna
Karenina (1878) “God
Sees the Truth But Waits” (1872);
The Death of Ivan Ilych (1882)
- Rimabaud,
"A Season in Hell" (1873); "Les Illuminations" (1886) (in
English) (in English); Selected Poems
- Gerard Manley Hopkins, "God's Grandeur" "The Windover" (1877)
- Mallarme,
"L'Apres d'un faune" (1876); Selected
Poems; Un
coup de dés jamais
n’abolira
le hasard (1897)
-
James, Daisy Miller (1878); The Turn of
the Screw (1898); "The
Jolly Corner" (1908); The Beast in the
Jungle (1903)
- Ibsen, A Doll's House (1879); Ghosts (1881); Hedda Gabler (1890); Henrik Ibsen’s "Balloon Letter" Expresses Fear of German Militarism (December 1870)
-
Maupassant,
"Boule de Suif" Maupassant's
short masterpiece following the journey of a group of civilians during the
Franco-Prussian war ; The Horla:
Creeping paranoia becomes something altogether more sinister, but is it madness
or has he discovered a plot that threatens humanity."
(1884); "The
Necklace" (1885: A poor woman borrows a necklace from a rich friend.
Classic twisty tale; A Ghost; A Piece of String; Abandoned; An Uncomfortable Bed; ; Fear; Ghosts; Mademoiselle Fifi ; Maison Tellier; Miss Harriet; My Uncle Jules; The Confession; The Devil; ; The Inn; The Man With The Pale Eyes
- Tennyson, Collected Poems (1880's); "The Charge of the Light Brigade" (1856) "Crossing the Bar" (1889)
- Stevenson,
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1886) ; "The bottle imp"
- Strindberg,
Miss Julia (1888)
- Gerhart Hauptmann, Before Daybreak, First Performed to a Scandalized Reception (October 20, 1889)
- Conan-Doyle, The
Adventures of Sherlock Holmes: "The Adventure of the Speckled Band";
"The Final Problem"; "The Adventure of the Bruce-Partington Plans"; "The Adventure of the Cardboard Box"; "The Adventure of the Devil’s Foot" (1891)
- Morris, News from Nowhere (1890)
- Schnitzler,
Reigen or La Ronde (1893)
- Hardy, "Tony Kytes, The ArchDeceiver" (1891); from Jude the Obscure (1896)
- Rostand,
Cyrano de Bergerac (1897) (translation)
- Jarry,
Ubu Roi (Act I) (1896)
(in French); The Passion Considered
As An Uphill Bicycle Race
- A. E. Housman, A Shropshie Lad (1896)
-
Conrad, The Lagoon:
By a stagnant lagoon, as his love lies dying,
Arsat tells the story of their meeting and the price he had to pay to be with
her. The
Secret Sharer: An unusually young ship's captain lets a stranger
aboard his ship - a stranger who appears from the sea in the night. But an
unusual bond forms between the two men.
- Stoker,
Dracula (1897)
- Wilde,
The
Importance of Being Earnest (1899); The Portrait of
Dorian Gray (1890); "The Ballad of Reading Gaol" (1897) "The Decay of Lying" (1902)
- Wells, War of the Worlds (1898)
- Zola, J'Accuse (1898)
- Chekhov,
"Peasants"; "The Kiss "; "The
Lady with the Dog ", "The Darling " (1897); "Ward No. 6 "; The Sea-Gull; Uncle Vanya (1900);
The Cherry Orchard, Three Sisters (1904)
- Saki, "The Open Window" (1900)
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- Bellini,
Norma: Act 1, Scene 4: Scena and Cavatina
- Widor,
Tocatta from Symphony #5 (1887)
Nationalism:
- A Patriotic Song from the Franco-Prussian War: The Watch on the Rhine (1840/54)
- Chopin, Op.10, No.3 E-dur Lento, ma non troppo;
Op.10, No.12 c-moll Allegro con fuoco The
Revolutionary, (1840)
- Wagner,
Overtures: The Flying Dutchman (1843); Tannhauser (1845); Die Meistersinger (1867)
- Wagner,
Tristan und Isolde (1858): Prelude; Liebestad
- Wagner,
excerpts from The Ring of the Nibelung (1854-74), Ride of
the Valkyries; Entry of Gods to Valhalla; Wotan's Farewell; Forest Murmurs; Seigfried's Funeral March; )
- Bizet,
Carmen (1871)
- Mussorsky,
Pictures at an Exhibition
(1874)
- Smetana,
Vlatava (Die Moldau) (1874)
- Rimsky-Korsakov,
Scheherazade (1888)
- Borodin,
Prince Igor (1890) Polovtian Dances (1887)
- In the Steppes of Central Asia (1880)
- Strauss, Blue Danube (1866); Thus Spake
Zarathustra (1896)
- Verdi,
La traviata: Act 3: Scena and Duet 1853; Enrico Caruso sings La donna è mobile
from Verdi's Rigoletto, (1908)
- Vaughn
Williams, Fantasia on a Theme by Thomas Tallis
(1910); The Lark Ascending (1914)
Impressionism:
Neo-Classicism:
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- 444 The Royal Geographical Society: science and dreams
- 1273 Some surprises in the 1852 Annual of Scientific Discovery
- 646 Babbage, Ada, and Babbage's 19th century computer legacy
- 654 X-rays promise infinite possibility in 1896
- 905 In which Maxwell discovers what Faraday had seen
- 1067 John Tyndall's reflections on science and religion
- 1083 Pierre Lallement, one of many who invented the bicycle
- 1210 In which Louis Pasteur puts medicine on a war footing
- 1490 Germs, John Snow, and the Broad Street Well
- 1286 A steam-powered motorcycle, invented well before its time
- 1323 Fleming, the light bulb, and the vacuum tube
- 1330 Electric lights in the 80 years before Edison
- 2248 Arc lights, glow lamps, incandescant bulbs -- Edison's in there somewhere
- 2299 1873: A snapshot view of dazzling technological change
- 1336 In which Diesel engines violate their own metaphor
- 1435 Rudolf Diesel, his engine, and a look at invention
- 1341 A view of physiology in 1872 -- not that long ago
- 1366 Rain, Steam, and Speed: Turner's vision of modern times
1369 Fokker and the machine gun interrupter mechanism
- 1426 The skyscraper: a Phoenix out of the great Chicago Fire
- 1488 John, Washington, & Emily Roebling, and the Brooklyn Bridge
- 1468 The evolution of the bicycle
- 1484 Georg Cantor, the man who counted beyond infinity
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1476 In which Josephine Cochrane invents the dishwasher
- 1627 A shocking look at medications in 1892 shows us how far we've come
- 1649 Reginald Fessenden endows radio with sound
- 1858 Josef Loschmidt, invisible cornerstone of 19th-C science
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1845 Willam Huggins: Spectroscopy and passionate detachment
- 1966 Cleansing the sewers of Paris of sedition, filth -- and romance
- 1968 Vignettes from the 1893 Chicago Columbian Exposition: America in transition
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19th
c. Isms Political, Social, Economic, Intellectual, Religious
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19th
c. Isms Art:
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19th c.
Isms Literature:
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19th c. Isms Music:
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Secondary
Sources:
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Secondary
Sources:
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Secondary
Sources:
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· Secondary Sources:
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1848 Revolutions:
1871 Paris Commune:
English Working Class Activism:
Liberalism:
Socialism:
Anarchism:
Darwinism:
Nationalism:
Interesting Sites:
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Orientalism:
- 1158 The Crystal Palace, the 1851 exhibition, and Victorian art
- 1481 A revealing view of photography's early days
- 1690 The Arts and Crafts Movemnt reflected in a book for young people
- 1735 Mousetraps, paperclips, the Arts and Crafts movement, and invention
- 1706 The Two Eiffel Towers
- 1826 Of steel and art: Eccentric circular turning
- 2523 Georges-Eugène Haussmann Reshapes Paris
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19th c.
Isms Political, Social, Economic, Intellectual Religious
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19th c.
Isms Art:
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19th c.
Isms Literature:
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19th c.
Isms Music:
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- 1154 In which Adam's navel poses the question of pre-creation history
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Lesson
Plans and Presentations:
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Lesson
Plans and Presentations:
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Lesson
Plans and Presentations:
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Lesson
Plans and Presentations:
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