Internet Modern History Sourcebook: Main Page

SECTIONS	*Subjects covered by the source texts in each Section.*
The Transformation of the West Scientific, Political, and Industrial Revolution
Scientific Revolution	The Scientific Revolution Traditional Aristotelianism New Medieval Analyses of motion The Challenge: Astonomy in the 16th Century Galileo Galilei: The Turning Point Philosophy of Science: Induction/Deduction The Creation of Classical Physics New Medical Theories Scientific Institutions The Scientific Attitude
Enlightenment	The Enlightenment Precursors The Enlightenment as a Propaganda Project The Enlightenment and Political Analysis The Enlightenment Evaluation of the Human Condition The Enlightenment and Economics Enlightenment and Philosophy Enlightenment Attitudes The Social Setting Enlightenment Philosophy - Full Texts Enlightenment Politics and Economics - Full Texts Religion in an Age of Reason Opposition to Religion Rational Christianity Evangelicalism Catholic Pietism Jewish Responses
Enlightened Despots	Government in the Age of Enlightenment Russia Austria Prussia Poland
French Revolution	The French Revolution Lead Up Liberal Revolution Radical Revolution Responses to Revolution Napoleon Napoleonic Wars
Industrial Revolution	The Industrial Revolution The Agricultural Revolution of the 17th-18th Centuries The Revolution in the Manufacture of Textiles The Revolution in Power Railroads Steam Ships The Great Engineers The Process of Industrialization Social and Political Effects The Lives of Workers Urban Life: New Social Classes Social Reformism Literary Response
Romanticism	Romanticism Roots of Romanticism Romantic Philosophy Romanticism in the Arts
The 19th Century and Western Hegemony
Conservative Order	The Council of Vienna System and Challenges Reactionary Thought Modern Conservatism
Nationalism	Nationalism Analyses Non-National Forms of Government Cultural Nationalism: The Nation as Positive Focus of Identity Liberal Nationalism: The Nation as a Basis for Liberal Democracy Triumphal Nationalism: The Nation as a Claim to Superiority
Liberalism	Liberalism Utilitarianism Laissez-Faire Economics Radical Politics John Stuart Mill Other Liberalisms Welfare Liberalism Feminism Origins Political Feminism United States Britain Other Countries Prohibitionism
1848	1848: Europe in Revolt France Austria Prussia/Germany
19C Britain	Britain Radicalism Liberal Reformism The State The Professions The Poor Men, Women, and Sex Social Class Ireland Victorian Sensibility Victorian Literature
19C France	France The Restoration The July Monarchy, 1831-1848 1848 The Second Empire The Franco-Prussian War and the Commune The Third Republic French Literature
19C Austria and Germany	Austria-Hungary Germany German Literature
19C Italy	Italy
19C West Europe	Other Western European Countries Switzerland Netherlands Denmark Sweden Norway Spain Portugal
19C East Europe	Eastern European Countries Greece Romania [Moldavia/Wallachia/Transylvania] Bulgaria Hungary Poland Bohemia Russia
Socialism	Responses to Economic Growth: Socialism and Marxism Early Socialism Marxism Versions of Socialism Revisionism Fabianism Labor Parties Socialist Culture Trade Unionism
Imperialism	Imperialism Analyses Motives and Attitudes Celebrations and Objections China and the West India Under the British Africa The Middle East The Japanese Exception American Imperialism
Industrial Revolution II	The Second Industrial Revolution and Advanced Capitalism Growth: Free Markets and Government Support The Modern Corporation The Life of the Workers The Consumer Marketplace New Technologies The Steel Industry The Chemical Industry Electricity Aviation Confidence and Disaster
Darwin, Freud, Einstein	Contradictions of the Enlightenment: Darwin, Freud, Einstein, Dada The Classical Synthesis The Advance of Medical Theory and Treatments Geology Biology: Red in Tooth and Claw Reactions to Darwin Social Darwinism Physics: The End of the Classical Synthesis Astronomy Psychology: The Obscurity of the Mind Philosophical Reflections: The End of Reason? Literature: Humanity's Heart of Darkness? Visual Arts: What to Do After Photography?
19C Religion	Religion in the Face of Modernity Catholicism: Reaction and Radicalism The Popes: Reaction and Reform Renewed Marianism Converts Converts and Decadence Radicals Missionary Expansion Protestantism: Activism, Rationalism, and Fideism Biblical Criticism Muscular Christianity The Oxford Movement Quakers Fundamentalism Missionary Expansion Resistence to Roman Control Old Catholics "Modernism" Eastern Orthodoxy: Christian Life Under Tsars and Sultans. Judaism and Modernity Eastern Religions in the West Humanist Consideration of Religious Thought
World Wars and the End of Western Dominance
WW I	World War I The Path to War Ottoman Empire: Weakness The Balkans: Conflict Austria Hungary German Arms Race The Alliance System The War Diplomatic History Military History Personal Accounts Resistence to War Literary Responses The Aftermath
Russian Revolution	The Tsarist State Russian Revolution The Development of the Opposition Lenin 1905 1905 Party Programs 1917 Bolshevik Rule to 1924 Stalinism
Age of Anxiety	Age of Anxiety: The Interwar Years European Culture Western Europe Britain France The New States of Eastern Europe Yugoslavia Czechoslovakia Hungary Romania Greece Turkey The United States Latin America in the Early 20th Century United States Intervention Mexico Argentina Chile Uruguay Inter-War International Relations
Fascism in Europe	Italy Spain Other Countries
Nazism	The Weimar Republic National Socialism Hitler Elections The Churches and the Nazis
Holocaust	The Holocaust Anti-Semitism Religious Anti-Semitism Racist Anti-Semitism Violent Racist Anti-Semitism The "Final Solution": The Murder of European Jewry Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust The Handicapped The Roma [Gypsies] Serbs Homosexuals "Revisionism" Pre- and Post-Holocaust Genocides Armenia 1914- Bangladesh 1971 East Timor 1975- Cambodia 1978 Rwanda 1996 Former Yugoslavia
WW II	Lead Up to War War In Europe The Home Front War In Asia Use of Atomic Bomb After the War
The World Since 1945
Bipolar World	World Unity The United Nations Organization Human Rights: Universal Ideals or a Western Impositions? The Cold War Beginnings Berlin Crises Cuban Crises Cold Warriors Various Detentes Literary Reflections
US Power	America as World Leader: External Power American Foreign Relations Realpolitik or Human Rights Relations with the Soviet Union [also see above "Cold War] Relations with China The Korean War The "Vietnam War"
US Society	America as World Leader: Internal Change US Domestic Politics: The State American Conservatism McCarthyism Republicans Democrats American Radicalism American Society: Immigration The 20th Century Expansion of Legal Rights Balance of Power Rights in Court Racial Equality Free Speech
Post-War W Europe	Western Europe Since 1945 The Division of Europe Reconstruction European Union The Welfare State Post-War Western European States Britain Germany France Italy Spain Ireland Other Western Countries
Post-War E Europe	Eastern Europe Since 1945 The Soviet Union/Russia Domestic Politics Foreign Policy Other Central and Eastern European Countries Albania Hungary Yugoslavia 1989: What Happened and Why? Romania After 1989
Decolonization	Decolonization Retreat from Empire The Non-Aligned Movement Globalization: New Hegemonies?
Asia since 1900	India China Chinese Efforts to Modernize: 1911-1949 Communist Rule Dissidents Post Mao China Hong Kong Japan Korea Vietnam Other Asian States
Africa Since 1945	Africa South Africa Other African Countries
Middle East Since 1914	Israel and Palestine Zionism The British Mandate The Establishment of the State of Israel Israeli Soceity The Palestinians Turkey Egypt Algeria Iran Kurds
20C Latin America	20th Century Latin America Common Themes and Issue United States Interference Pan-American Efforts Economic Progress National Identity Liberation Theology Argentina Chile Brazil Paraguay Uruguay Peru Central America Nicaragua Mexico Cuba Indigenous Peoples
Modern Social Movements	Modern Social Movements Feminism Origins of Third Wave Cultural Feminism Political Feminism Liberal Feminism Radical Feminism Black Power The US Civil Rights Movement Radicals Since 1968 Other Ethnic/Minority Movements Lesbian and Gay Rights
Post-War Thought	Post-War Western Thought Existentialism Post-Structuralism and Offspring Linguistics Anthropology Pomo Marxism Deconstruction Social Constructionism Queer Theor
Post-War Religion	Religion since 1945 Roman Catholicism Protestantism Eastern Orthodoxy Judaism Islam Buddhism Humanist-Religious Debate
Modern Science	Science, Technology and the Transformation in the Means of Production Biology: The DNA Revolution Physics Space Exploration Computers Knowledge Based Production The Internet The World Environment: Cornucopeian Plenty or a Crisis Situation
Pop Culture	Popular Culture United States Europe Sports: The Opium of the People?
The Twenty First Century
21st Century	Selected Documents

Introduction

The Internet Modern History Sourcebook is one of series of history primary sourcebooks. It is intended to serve the needs of teachers and students in college survey courses in modern European history and American history, as well as in modern Western Civilization and World Cultures. Although this part of the Internet History Sourcebooks Project began as a way to access texts that were already available on the Internet, it now contains hundreds of texts made available locally.

The great diversity of available sources for use in modern history classes requires that selections be made with great care - since virtually unlimited material is available. The goals here are:

To present a diversity of source material in modern European, American, and Latin American history, as well as a significant amount of materal pertinent to world cultures and global studies. A number of other online source collections emphasize legal and political documents. Here efforts have been made to include contemporary narrative accounts, personal memoirs, songs, newspaper reports, as well as cultural, philosophical, religious and scientific documents. Although the history of social and cultural elite groups remains important to historians, the lives of non-elite women, people of color, lesbians and gays are also well represented here.

To present the material as cleanly as possible, without complicated hierarchies and subdirectories, and without excessive HTML markup. What you get here is direct access to significant documents, not the efforts of some whizkid "website designer". In other words, we are interested here in the music, not the Hi-fi!.

Within the major sections, to indicate a few high quality web sites for further source material and research.

Sources of Material Here

The texts on these pages come from many sources:

Files posted to various places on the net. In some cases, the source URL no longer exists.

Shorter texts created for class purposes by extracting from much larger texts. In some cases, the extracts have been suggested by a variety of commercial sourcebooks.

Texts scanned in from printed material. In some cases the printed book may be recent, but the material scanned is out of copyright.

Texts sent to me for inclusion.

Links to other online texts. In almost all these cases I have made local copies, so please inform me if links no longer work.

Efforts have been made to confirm to US Copyright Law. Any infringement is unintentional, and any file which infringes copyright, and about which the copyright claimant informs me, will be removed pending resolution.

Paul Halsall, halsall@fordham.edu, Sourcebook Compiler

NOTES:

Dates of accession of material added since July 1998 can be seen in the New Additions page.. The date of inception was 9/22/1997.

Links to files at other site are indicated by [At some indication of the site name or location]. Locally available texts are marked by [At this Site].

WEB indicates a link to one of small number of high quality web sites which provide either more texts or an especially valuable overview.

Since September 22, 1997, this site has been accessed times
[the counter is approximate since it only records graphical hits.]

The Internet Modern History Sourcebook is part of the
Internet History Sourcebooks Project.

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created 1997: last revised 9/22/2001