THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION Copernicus / Bacon / Descartes / Newton Readings: Perry, Chapter 12; Introduction 375-377, Copernicus/Bellarmine 377-381, Galileo 381-387, Bacon 387-390, Descartes 390-393, Newton 393-396 Assignment: 1) Read the introduction to Chapter 12 and complete the questions on this handout. 2) Look over your notes and readings on Copernicus and fill out the questions. 3) Choose two of the following thinkers (Galileo/Bacon/Descartes/Newton) and complete the questions concerning your two selections on this handout. Due Dates: Sections 1 +2 : Section 3: Assignment 1: Perry’s Introduction pgs. 375-377 What was the medieval conception of nature? By rejecting reliance on authority, what did the thinkers of the Scientific Revolution affirm? On what thinking was the medieval view of the universe based? Draw and label the conception of the earth-centered universe of the medieval thinker. Why was Aristotle’s division of the universe into a lower, earthly realm and a higher realm beyond the moon so agreeable to medieval Christians? Briefly, what were the main contributions by the following thinkers in destroying this worldview? Copernicus - Galileo - Kepler - Newton - Assignment 2: Copernicus/Bellarmine 377-381 What was Copernicus’ important work and why did he dedicate it to Pope Paul III? Why did Cardinal Bellarmine feel threatened by Copernicus’ theory? Assignment 3: Galileo/Bacon/Descartes/Newton For each Scientific Revolution Thinker, write down his mains works (and the dates of the works), his contributions towards science and the impact and important ramifications (consequences) of his work. You must use at least two quotes from their works (not Perry’s notes) as evidence to support your arguments. The questions after the readings may also be of some help in grasping the important ideas. Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) Important works – Contributions to science – Impact/Important ramifications of his work – Sir Francis Bacon (1561-1626) Important works – Contributions to science – Impact/Ramifications of his work – Rene Descartes (1596-1650) Important works – Contributions to science – Impact/Ramifications of his work – Sir Issac Newton (1646-1723) Important works – Contributions to science – Impact/Ramifications of his work – What is the Scientific Method? Inductive approach – Deductive approach – What are the previous historical models for this and give an example of how this approach is used today.