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Enlightenment
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Houdon,
Bust of Voltaire (1788)
Blake, "Ancient of Days"
from Europe: A Prophecy (1794)
Wright, Experiment with the Air Pump
c. 1768
Montgolfier's
Hot
Air Balloon (1783)
Pritchard, "Iron Bridge at Coalbrookdale"
(1777)
Watteau, The
Embarkation for Cythera (1717)
Fragonard, The Swing
(1767)
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Key Questions:
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- How did philosophes and religious
thinkers respond to the Lisbon earthquake catastrophe?
- How does Voltaire redefine the
church's conception of the problem of evil?
- How did the use of reason and logic
bridge the gap between the study of nature and man?
- Was the Enlightenment project a wrong headed plunge into moral
relativism?
- What were the outcomes and
repercussions of the triumph of rationalism in European thought?
- How did political and social
changes of the period affect a change from Baroque to Classical musical
styles?
- How does sonata form relate to the
principles of the Enlightenment and the Age of Reason?
- How does the music of Mozart and
Hayden reflect the zeitgeist of the era?
- In what ways was the Enlightenment
a culmination of the break with Medieval Europe?
- To what extent did Western European
thought during the period from the Middle
Ages to the Enlightenment recapitulate the changes that occurred in
Greek thought during the period stretching from Homer to Alexander?
- How were Voltaire's writings
simultaneously an influence on and a product of the general beliefs of
the Enlightenment?
- What is the influence of technology
on artistic expression?
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Enlightenment
Political, Social, Economic, Intellectual, Religious
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Enlightenment
Art:
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Enlightenment
Literature:
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Enlightenment
Music:
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Primary Sources:
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Primary Sources:
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Primary Sources:
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Primary Sources:
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- Diderot, Encyclopedie
(1745-72); D'Alembert, "Preliminary Discourse to Encyclopedia"
- Montesquieu,
on "The Spirit of Intolerance"
from The
Persian Letters (1721) and The Spirit of the Laws
(1748).
- Responses to the The Lisbon Earthquake
(1755) 1964 A reflection upon the great Lisbon earthquake and tsunami
- Hume, "Of Miracles"
from An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding
(1758) (full text); excerpts
from Dialogues Concerning Natural
Religion (1779) (full text); 173 Hume and humility, or a pox on both your houses
- Voltaire, Patrie; Final
Causes; Tolerance in The Philosophical Dictionary,
(1752); Jean Meslier's
Mon Testament (1762); "On Forms of Government"
(1769); Plea
for Tolerance and Reason
- Rousseau, excerpts from Second Discourse (On
Inequality) (1755) (full text);
from The Social Contract (1762);
"On Childhood"
from Emile (1762),
(Hanover) Extracts
from Emile;
Rousseau,
Discourse on the Sciences
and the Arts.
(1750)
- Bentham,
Principles of Legislation (1776)
-
Smith, from Wealth of Nations (1776); from Wealth of
Nations, Ch. 5
- Gibbon, The Decline and Fall of the
Roman Empire (1776)
- Kant, The
Critique of Reason, "Will We Ever Grow Up?"
from What is Enlightenment?
(1784) "What is Enlightenment?"
(1784) (study guide)
(History Study Center)
- Condorcet, "On the Future Progress of the
Human Mind" (1794)
- Malthus,
"On the Principles of Population"
(1798) Essay on the Principle of
Population ; Malthus on Population
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Mendelsohn, on State and Religion
- Paley, Natural Theology: or, Evidences
of the Existence and Attributes of the Deity (1809) (the
watchmaker analogy) (animation)
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Watteau,
Mezzetin
(1717-19)
- Fragonard, The Swing
(1867); The Meeting (1771-73) (Smarthistory)
- Wright, Experiment with the Air Pump
(1768)
- Diderot, frontispiece from Encyclopedie;
Machine of Marly,
from Encyclopedie(1772)
- West, The Death of General Wolfe (1770)
- Pritchard, Iron Bridge at Coalbrookdale
(1777)
- Montgolfier's Hot Air Balloon
(1783)
- Rowlandson, Vauxhall Gardens
(1784)
- Houdon, Bust of Voltaire
(1788)
- David, Monseiur Lavoisier and His Wife
- Le Brun, Madame Perregaux, (1788)
- Blake, "Ancient of Days"
from Europe: A Prophecy (1794)
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Candide is booted out of paradise.
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- Mozart, Minuet
and Trio in G (1762; age six)
- Hayden, String Quartet
Op.33, No.2 (The Joke) Presto (Fourth
Movement) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
(1781)
- Mozart, Piano Concerto No. 17 in G major, K. 453 (allegro)
(andante)
(allegretto)
(1784)
- Mozart, The Marriage of Figaro
(1787) Overture;
Figaro: Se
vuol ballare aria
; The Countess: Porgi
amor qualche ristoro
(Libretto)
- Mozart, Serenade for strings in G major,
K. 525 (Eine Kleine Nachtmusik)
1. Allegro
2. Romanza
3. Menuetto
4. Rondo
- Mozart, Symphony #40 in G Minor, K. 550
(1788) 1. Allegro,
Sonata 2. Andante:
Theme and Variations; 3. Minuet and Trio;
4. Presto
(Sonata) (Score)
- Mozart’s
Opera Marriage of Figaro, containing the Italian text, with an English
translation, and the Music of all of the Principal Airs (1786)
- Mozart, Don Giovanni;
Act 1, scene 5: A chi mi dice mai
Madamina! Il catalogo e questo 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, (1787);
Madamina, il
catalogo e questo; Finch han dal
vino;
Dalla sua
pace; Deh, vieni
alla finestra;
Vedrai, carino;
Crudele? Non mi dir
- Mozart, The Magic Flute (1791),
Overture;
Queen of the Night's second
aria, Der
Hölle Rache;
March of the Priests
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Enlightenment
Political, Social, Economic, Intellectual, Religious
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Enlightenment
Art:
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Enlightenment
Literature:
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Enlightenment
Music:
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Secondary Sources:
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Secondary Sources:
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Secondary Sources:
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Secondary Sources:
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- Leibniz on the Problem of
Evil (Stanford); Leibnitiana
(Houston)
- Ryan, "A New Vision of Liberty" NYRB 7-5-01 on Smith, Condorcet and the Enlightenment
- Denby, "Northern Lights: How Enlightenment Emerged from 18th c. Edinburgh" New Yorker 10-11-04
- Berlin, "The Magus of the North: Johann Georg Hamann" NYRB 10-21-93
- Smith, The Enlightenment’s ‘Race’ Problem, and Ours The Stone February 10, 2013
- Blackburn, Of Hume and Bondage The Stone December 11, 2011
- Shapin , "Libel on the Human Race:
Malthus: The Life and Legacies of an Untimely Prophet by Robert
Mayhew" London Review of Books Vol. 36 No. 11 • 5 June 2014 pages
26-29
- 1185 Adam Smith: of economics and natural law
- 2173 Hume and humility, or a pox on both your houses
- 2507 The Unsung Engineer: The Mechanical Arts in Diderot and D’Alembert’s Encyclopédie
- 39 Balloonist Jean-Pierre Blanchard, the first barnstormer
- 1351 Balloonists Jean-Pierre and Marie Blanchard, the first barnstormers
- 2116 Balloons and hydraulic rams -- unexpected bedfellows
- 82 Late 18th century competition among roads, canals and railways
- 86 The discovery of oxygen and scientific revolution
- 105 Eighteenth century water wheel technology
- 2485 Jean Le Rond d’Alembert:
Controversial Mathematician of the Enlightenment
- 2434 Understanding the Relationship Between Physics and Metaphysics
- 221 Caroline Herschel: more than meets the eye
- 2405 Jean-François de Rozier: first aeronaut to fly, and first to die
- 1609 Benjamin Franklin's experiments in thermal radiation
- 510 Ben Franklin, electricity, and revolution
- 1611 Benjamin Franklin and Cotton Mather: ideologies diverge and converge
- 2192 Benjamin Franklin stirs up the new technology of flight
- 2224 Thomas Jefferson and megalonyx, the great-clawed ground sloth
- 606 Did Newton really see an apple fall?
- 967 Isaac Newton: public scientist and secret alchemist
- 1751 Robert Hooke, Isaac Newton, and science in transition
- 1168 Voltaire, Newton, science, and the French Revolution
- 1375 Leibniz, Newton, and the great calculus dispute
- 1534 Making sense of the slippery concept of acceleration
- 1246 Figuring out what the word momentum means
- 1933 Jean-Jacque Rousseau and David Hume: An odd couple and a doomed friendship
- 710 In which Franklin, Lavoisier, and Guillotin debunk Mesmerism
- 1262 An 18-century environmental disaster in Brittany, France
- 1131 John Hunter: idiosyncratic medical pioneer
- 1447 18th-C factory maintenance: messier than Diderot showed us
- 1515 The would-be discovery of oxygen and scientific revolution
- 2194 John Smeaton: an engineer for all seasons
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Political,
Social, Economic, Intellectual, Religious
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Enlightenment
Art:
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Enlightenment Literature:
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Enlightenment
Music:
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Lesson Plans and Presentations:
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Lesson Plans and Presentations:
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Lesson Plans and Presentations:
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Lesson Plans and Presentations:
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